Static and Dynamic Composition Project

Students,
To further our comprehension of photographic composition we will strive to develop an understanding of  the use of static and dynamic compositions with attention paid to creating a center of interest.

To summarize, static composition means that the majority of he lines and elements in the frame are horizontal or vertical. Theory dictates that the horizontal and vertical lines have a calming and soothing effect on the observer. Static compositions can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.

Conversely dynamic compositions occur when the elements in the frame are arranged in diagonal lines, which can have the effect of being somewhat unsettling on the observer. Dynamic compositions can denote movement, energy, excitement, vibrance.

To paraphrase: when the primary line of movement is horizontal or vertical the composition is static. When the primary movement is diagonal the composition is dynamic.

When it comes to composition each photo should have only on principal idea, topic or center of interest to which the viewers eyes are attracted. Subordinate elements within the picture must support and focus attention on the principle feature so it alone is emphasized. A photo without a dominant center of interest or one with more than one dominant center of interest is puzzling to the observer. Strive to frame your composition with a dominant "point of interest".

Static and Dynamic Composition Assignment:

Part 1: Create a series of static compositions that emphasize a point of interest, with other elements maintaining a supporting or subordinate roll 

Create 2 static photo compositions: Still life and portrait

• Create a still life of objects found in your home/classroom and arrange them into a static composition. Focus on creating parallel planes through the use of space between your objects while maintaining emphasis on a dominant subject
• Create a portrait of 2 people and pose them into a static composition. Pay attention to light, background, foreground and strive to emphasize vertical and horizontal alignments while maintaining emphasis on a dominant subject

Create 2 static photo compositions: Landscape and architecture

• Create a landscape photo showing natural features in your local area framed as a static composition. Strive for horizontal and vertical lines and elements while maintaining emphasis on a dominant subject
• Create a static photo composition using local architecture. Strive for horizontal and vertical elements while maintaining emphasis on a dominant subject

Part 2: Create a series of dynamic compositions that emphasize a point of interest, with other elements maintaining a supporting or subordinate roll.

Create 2 dynamic photo compositions: Still life and portrait

• Create a still life of objects found in your home and arrange them into a dynamic composition. Focus on creating parallel planes through the use of space between your objects
• Create a portrait of 2 people and pose them into a dynamic composition. Pay attention to light, background, foreground and strive to emphasize vertical and horizontal alignments

Create 2 dynamic photo compositions: Landscape and architecture

• Create a landscape photo showing natural features in your local area framed as a dynamic composition. Strive for diagonal lines and elements, or elements to recede or advance to create a diagonal compositionwhile maintaining emphasis on a dominant subject
• Create a dynamic photo composition using local architecture. Strive for dynamic angles while maintaining emphasis on a dominant subject

Part 3: Written Essay

Write 2-3 Paragraphs about your images and attempt to cover these topics, include this with your blog post:

• Explain how your static images achieve composition
• Explain how your dynamic images achieve composition
• For each image describe the dominant element or point of interest
• Describe how the subordinate elements support the dominant elements in each image
• For each image describe at least 2 elements or principles of art that or being utilized, or any other compositional concept
• Post your essay with your favorite image

Due by thursday...

Student Examples: Static

Student Examples: Dynamic

New Assignment: Rule Of Thirds

Rule Of Thirds Project Details:

Your next assignment is to compose 3 different images that demonstrate the rule of thirds. Your images must be properly lit, have the right levels of exposure and must be in focus. You must apply the Rule Of Thirds to each images composition. Try to compose your image in camera, and only crop your image if needed. These must be new images, not previous work examples.

You can shoot any subject you like, such as landscape, portraiture, still life. 

You should shoot many images and choose the best... on average you should shoot about 15-20 shots and choose the single best example from each set.

Assignment Deliverables:

1- Three images that demonstrate the use of the Rule of Thirds in their composition. Each image must be a different subject matter, the subjects could be landscape imagery, portrait, still life etc.

2- Written Synopsis of the Rule of Thirds as you interpret it. Write a short description of this principle and how you used it in your images. Tell me what/where the focus point in each image is... where is the eye drawn to?

Grading:

• Your work will be evaluated on its ability to demonstrate this principal in a creative and informative fashion and to meet all deliverables on time.
• Image enhancement (color, B&W, color tweaking) is allowed as long as it enhances and does not detract from clearly demonstrating the principal. 
• These images must not be over or underexposed and must be in focus. Use a tripod to ensure a jitter/blur free image.
• Your images must demonstrate proper exposure techniques

Deadline:

This assignment is due at end of class wednesday.

Links:

Tutorial: How to Crop an Image in Photoshop with the Rule of Thirds

Reading: Cambridge in Colour - Rule of Thirds

Rule of Thirds Lecture Review:

Have fun with your new assignment!

  - Mr. W

Principles of Exposure: ISO and Noise

Assignment: Understanding ISO

Students, your new assignment is a challenge for you to demonstrate an understanding of ISO and how to adjust both Aperture and Shutter Speed to maintain proper Exposure across multiple ISO settings. In this assignment you will find a still life subject, and shoot 4 images that have similar exposures but increase in ISO. Little change should be seen in light/dark values, only additional grain/noise should be noticed as increasing. Overlay your images as shown below and document your exposure settings.

Assignment Deliverables:

Part A:

1. Produce a series of images (4) that demonstrate the impact that ISO has on the noise in an image while maintaining consistent exposure. Choose a creative still life subject and produce 4 images showing the range of ISO settings from low to high. Mimic the ISO Comparison images above. You will need to adjust either shutter speed or aperture to keep even exposure, don't let the different examples get darker or lighter.
2. Compile the images in slices to show the even exposure levels, as illustrated above. Use the selection tools to reveal each slice and add text details and focus on quality of presentation for your test image

Part B: 

1. Written Synopsis of the Exposure Principals. Write a short 3 paragraph description of the three principals of exposure, shutter speed, aperture and iso, what they mean and how you utilize them in photography. 
2. Post your essay to your blog with 1 image you have taken that demonstrates each exposure principal (use your ISO test image you created for ISO demonstration)

- Due on Tuesday

- Mr.W

Principles of Exposure: Aperture, depth of field, focus and value

Exposure: Aperture

Notice in this chart that the wider apertures have a narrow DOF, while the smaller aperture has a larger DOF. Additionally the shutter speed must be sped up or slowed down depending on aperture setting.

Aperture is a mechanical feature on the camera lens that adjusts the amount of light that is let into the camera. The size of the aperture also changes the depth of field range, a term for the area of an image that is in focus. 

A larger aperture will create a narrow depth of field and allow the maximum amount of light in the camera, so a faster shutter speed may be used. This is great for artistic images, street photography, portraiture and still life. The depth of field can be very slim with a wide open aperture resulting in more emphasis on the subject.

A smaller aperture is used when the depth of field must be wider. This also allows a sharper image to be captured because the flatter part of the lens is being used... resulting in less distortion fringing of details. Great for images that need increased detail, landscapes, nature photography, architecture.

When a smaller aperture is being used to control depth of field, adjusting the focus on the lens can change the position of the DOF. You can move the DOF closer or farther away. Many lenses will focus automatically, but you can disable that to adjust the focus yourself.

Our artistic element of the week is "Value". Value refers to the tonal quality of an image, tonal quality is, IMHOP best evaluated through a black and white image. If you shoot in black and white or experiment with black and white conversion with an image editing program, you will learn to see opportunities for good value in b&w photography. Good tonal quality should show as many levels of value as possible, from bright to dark and everything in between.

Key Assignment 6: Aperture and Value

Students, your new assignment is to develop an understanding and demonstrate control of depth of field. Additionally we are focusing on value in photography by shooting black and white imagery.  All elements due in 1 week.

Assignment Deliverables: 

1- Depth of Field Portrait: Create 2-3 portraits that demonstrate depth of field. Use a wide open aperture setting and look for good backgrounds for your subjects

2- Near/Far Focus: Arrange 2 people 10 feet apart from each other. Produce 1 image that shows the subject closest to you in focus, then change your focus to show the subject farthest away from you in focus.

3- Value/Contrast through B&W: Set your camera to shoot in Black and White only. Take 1 photo each day of the week that captures "value". Look for interesting compositions, light, contrast, patterns. You will need to shoot many images and experiment so you can learn to "see" in B&W value. Post your best 5 photos to your blog.

- Mr.W

Principles of Exposure: Capturing Action and Controlling Motion Blur

Exposure: Shutter Speed, Aperture, ISO:

Exposure is the measure of light falling on the media, be it film or CCD. It's controlled by three factors namely shutter speed, aperture and sensitivity of the sensor (ISO). Let me try to explain each of these in a greater detail.

Shutter Speed is the amount of time the shutter screen remains open, in other words, it is the duration for which the light hits the media. Shutter speed is the feature of the camera and not the lens. Faster the shutter speed, lesser the duration for which light hits the sensor, so lesser amount of light is captured.

The shutter speeds range from 1/4000th of a second (1/8000 on a pro camera) to 30seconds, with a special "B" (bulb) mode wherein the shutter could be kept open as long as the photographer wishes (of course, constrained by battery).

The shutter speed controls another most important aspect - freezing the subject in time. Simply stated, you shoot a speeding car with slow shutter speed, you tend to see the trails of the car resulting from motion blur. On the other hand you shoot the same car with higher shutter speeds, the car will appear as though it is stationary. In case you're wondering what magic, the photographer has done to capture those long trails of headlights, the answer is simple: he would have just kept the shutter open long enough to capture the trails.

When you're shooting with slower shutter speeds (under 1/100th of a second) holding the camera, it is highly likely that you end up with a blurred photograph. Why? It's obvious that when you're shooting at lower speeds, even the slightest camera shake will contribute to the blurring of the photograph. Solution for this problem is to mount the camera on a tripod or try to find a platform nearby to place the camera and shoot.

The answer for the question "What shutter shutter speed to use for a particular shot?" is "It entirely depends on the kind of shot and it can't be generalized". If you're shooting birds, wildlife, sports, street shots etc. which require the moment to be captured tack sharp use high shutter speeds. Night shots, trail capture, abstract photographs, light painting, milky waterfall photographs etc. require slow shutter speeds.

Aperture is the feature of the lens and has nothing to do with the camera, except that the aperture values are set/controlled by the camera. As the name itself suggests, aperture is an "opening" at the rear end of lens through which the light enters the camera. Earlier days, the lens barrel had an aperture ring to set the required aperture values, but these days the aperture could be controlled by the knobs on the camera or changing a setting on the digital menu of a DSLR.

The maximum and minimum value of aperture depends, as mentioned earlier, on the lens and not on the camera. You may find a lens with aperture as big as f1 or f1.4 or as small as f45 or f64. Aperture is measured in terms of f-stops and hence the f. It's notated f/1.8 or f/5.6 as well. As you can see the size of the aperture is inverse to the value of f-stop, higher the f-stop smaller the aperture, smaller the f-stops bigger the aperture. So at f1.8 the light received by the medium will be more than f5.6; least light will be received at the smallest aperture say F22 of F45 or whatever your lens supports.

Like shutter speed, aperture also controls one other aspect, apart from the amount of light, it's called Depth of Field (DOF). You maybe confused by amateur photographers who are fond of terms like DOF, Bokeh, Hyperfocal distance etc. Just remember this rule of thumb & don't get lost in the jargon: Bigger the aperture, smaller (shallower DOF) the region of focus; smaller the aperture larger (deeper DOF) the region of focus. You may, therefore, want to open up the aperture for a portrait shot wherein you want a focused and sharp face and blurred background and close down the aperture for a landscape shot wherein you want the entire landscape to be focused. Also in macro shots, the amount of DOF is very critical since the available DOF is very less. DOF is used sometimes to give artistic effects to the photographs.

Photo credit: Seth Wilson 2013

Portraits would come out well with bigger apertures (smaller f-stops) for it makes the subject really sharp against a background of soft background, Also night shots usually require bigger apertures which would allow lot of light to enter.

Landscapes need smaller apertures (bigger f-stops) for most times it wouldn't have a specific focus point. Smaller apertures help on a very bright day to cut-off excess light entering (of course this could be controlled by shutter speed too).

ISO is the measure of sensitivity of the media (film) and digitally is a camera dependent feature. ISO values are typically in the range of 100 to 3200 (on a pro camera it can have an extended range from 50-102400)

When the ISO is set to 100 the sensor is the least sensitive, it can sense less light. When it's set to 1600 or 3200, the sensor can sense a much more light. Which means for a given condition if ISO 100 gives a standard exposure with F8.0 & 1/250th of a second, ISO 1600 may give a standard exposure at F8.0 & 1/1000th of a second. ISO comes very handy while shooting hand-held under low light conditions, it gives an advantage of slightly faster shutter speeds which helps in avoiding motion blur.

An obvious question may arise to a novice, "Why should I shoot at low ISO when higher ISO gives an advantage of faster shutter speed?" Though ISO seems to be such a cool feature, it carries with it something very undesirable - NOISE. Higher the ISO, higher the noise.

Brighter the ambience smaller the ISO (unless you want grainy effect), darker the ambience higher the ISO.

To Make It Easy Just Remember The Rule of Equivalent Exposure: Each Change In ISO Is Equal To One Full F-Stop

Imagine you've pointed your camera at a scene and it's recommending the following settings:

1. A shutter speed of 1/100s 
2. An aperture of f/5.6 
3. A sensitivity setting of ISO 400 

We could make the photo appear twice as bright by doing any of the following:

1. Doubling the shutter speed to 1/50s 
2. Doubling the area of the aperture by increasing it one full f-stop, to f/4 
3. Doubling the sensitivity setting to ISO 800 

Any of these could be described as increasing the exposure by 1 stop.

Likewise, to make the scene appear half as bright, we can reduce the exposure by 1 stop by taking one of the opposite steps: 

1. Halving the shutter speed to 1/200s 
2. Halving the aperture area by reducing it one full f-stop, to f/8 
3. Halving the sensitivity to ISO 200. 

Note that we use the word "stop" even when we're not adjusting the f-stop (aperture) setting. It's just become a general term to mean a factor of 2.

That's about it. For even more information, read this page here at Cambridge In Colour.

Key Assignment 5: Capturing Action

Students, your new assignment is a challenge for you to demonstrate an understanding of the basics of exposure through capturing action and controlling motion blur. Create images that meet the criteria listed below

Assignment Deliverables:

This pelican was shot with a fast shutter speed to capture it in motion, even the water droplets splashing up are frozen in time. Photo credit Will Tierney 2015

1- Object Frozen in Time: Create 2-3 images of a moving object that is frozen in mid-action, this image must show no motion blur. For each image write a short description of the process used in taking the photo, what settings were used to create the visual effect and describe the affect the image may have on the viewer.

A fire spinner creates a silhouette of herself through motion blur. Photo credit Seth Wilson 2005

2- Object in Motion: Create 2-3 images that show an object in motion. The moving object must show motion blur. For each image write a short description of the process used in taking the photo, what settings were used to create the visual effect and describe the affect the image may have on the viewer.

3- Tracking Motion: Create 2-3 images that shows an object in motion with the background behind the object showing motion blur. For each image write a short description of the process used in taking the photo, what settings were used to create the visual effect and describe the affect the image may have on the viewer.

4- Zoom Blur: Create 1 image that shows zoom blur by cranking the zoom and taking a photo at the same time, try it a few times and post your best. For each image write a short description of the process used in taking the photo, what settings were used to create the visual effect and describe the affect the image may have on the viewer.

Post all images with accompanying written content to your blog when complete.

Due by following thursday...

- Mr.W

It's Bloggerin' Time!

Students, your new assignment is to create an online repository for your photography work as a portfolio or showcase. You will turn in assignments by posting your  work along with any written material. You can choose to use blogger or wordpress, weebly, bechance or any other online platform that lets you post images, text and looks professional. The choice is yours, blogger is simpler and more straightforward but wordpress will give a more flexible and professional option... but it can be a bit more challenging. The choice is yours, choose wisely.... and make sure your platform isn't blocked by the school network. if you choose to use blogger you can follow the guide below:

Blog Setup Assignment:

1. Create an account and set up a blog either at blogger.com or wordpress.com
2. Go back through your work and post your recent assignments, photo manipulation, tutorial results, collage and your typeblock poster
3. Email your site link to your instructor for inclusion in the blog link list
4. Chillax and get ready for the next project!

How to set up a Blogger Blog:

Despite all of the hype with "blogs" in recent years, a blog really isn't anything much more complicated than a means for publishing work on the web in an easy to read and easy to update format. Some blogs are very personal, resemembling a diary, while others seem more akin to newspaper or magazine journalism. For our class this term, you will keep a blog where I'll ask you to post several short writing responses this term. Most of these exercises will be just a few pages long and they should help you working on the longer writing projects this semester.One easy way to do this is with Blogger, a free and easy to use service. Here are the instructions for how to set up a blog with Blogger.

Step 1: Go to http://www.blogger.com and sign up for a blog

Again, it's an easy to use service, but let me give you a few pieces of advice on how to accomplish this:

• At the start page for blogger, click on the orange arrow that says "create your blog now."
• Blogger now is part of Google, so if you have a Google account (which allows for things like gmail) you should use that to set up your new blogger account. If you don't have a Google account, now is a pretty good chance to set one up. Otherwise, it is just a matter of following the instructions on this page.
• Be sure to check the "terms of service" box; of course, you might actually want to read through it a bit first, though the rules are pretty standard for these sorts of services.
• Save your username and password some place. In fact, I would encourage you to write it down some place. Don't lose this!
• When you're done, click on the orange "continue" button, which will take you to another page. If you did something wrong or you supplied a username or password that doesn't work, Blogger will stop you from proceeding until you fix the error.
• The "Blog Title" will be what appears in the title portion of your blog. I recommend you keep it something simple like "My English 328 Blog" or whatever you want.
• For the address of your blog, I'd encourage you to use your username. So, in my case, the blogger blog address would be http://krause328.blogspot.com Unless you know what you're doing with ftp functions, you should use blogspot.com to host your blog.
• The "word verification" section is a security set-up the blogger folks have; simply type in the word you see in the funky font into the provided box. Click "continue" when you're done.
• You can choose any template you want for your blog, and you can also change the template later if you would like. Click continue when you're done.
• After waiting a few moments, you should get a screen that says your blog has been created. Good for you! Click on the "start posting" arrow and get to work!

To change your comment settings:

• Log into your blog
• Click on the "design" tab
• Go to "settings" and then "posts and comments" and change your settings to the example above
• Save your settings before finishing

Please change your blog settings to block comments and set all comments to be moderated always.

Your comment settings should look like the one shown here...

Step 2: Get posting!

• The posting screen for blogger is pretty straight-forward. Give your entries a title, type in the appropriate window, and use the editing tools for your blog entry as you want. We'll talk about more advanced options for your posting later, but if you know any basic html, you can incorporate most of that code into your blog posts.
• To post or "publish" your post, click the button at the bottom of the screen "Publish Post." If you start writing something but you don't want to post it until later, click where it says "Save as Draft."
• When you publish your post, blogger will process the information and then, if everything worked (and it usually does), it will give you the option to "view blog." Take a look at it; you should notice a couple of things:
  • The address for your blog-- something like http://stevendkrause.blogspot.com-- is the address for your blog. Send this URI (web address) to me! I will link to your blog from the class web site.
  • Readers should be able to post a comment to your post by clicking on the "comments" link.

Step 3: Do some adjustments to your account

There are a number of different things you might want to do to make your blog a bit more useful. But here are a couple of things you really should do no matter what.

Blocking blog spam. I know, hard to believe, but yes, the world of spamming extends to blogs too. Fortunately, Blogger has a pretty decent security feature that will eliminate almost all spam posts from your blog. Here's what to do:

• If you aren't already logged in, log in to your Blogger account. You did remember your username and password, right?
• From the "Dashboard" screen, click on the name of your blog.
• Click on the tab "Settings."
• Click on the link near the top of that page under the tabs labeled "Comments."
• Set "Who Can Comment?" to "Only Registered Users." It isn't essential that you do this, but I'd recommend it.
• A bit further down, set "Show word verification for comments?" to "Yes." This is a security feature that requires the comment poster to type a specific word that shows up as slightly distorted text in a window.
• Select "Save Settings" at the bottom of the page.

Time zone. It'd be nice if the time was right on your blog, right? Here's how to do that:

• If you aren't already logged in, log in to your Blogger account. You did remember your username and password, right?
• From the "Dashboard" screen, click on the name of your blog.
• Click on the tab "Settings."
• Click on the link near the top of that page under the tabs labeled "Formatting."
• Under "Time Zone," select the right time zone (and if you're reading this as part of one of my classes, that'd be "Detroit." Duh.)
• Select "Save Settings" at the bottom of the page.

Doing things to customize your blogger blog. There's lots of stuff you can do customize your blog. At a minimum, I'd recommend including some links to your classmates' blogs or other blogs you like to read, but there are a lot of other things you can do, too-- include pictures, lists of stuff you like, etc., etc.

• If you aren't already logged in, log in to your Blogger account. You did remember your username and password, right?
• From the "Dashboard" screen, click on the name of your blog.
• Click on the tab "Template."
• Make sure the "Page Elements" tab under this is selected, and click on "Add a Page Element." From here, simply follow the instructions. Be sure to save you page element additions and double-check that it worked.

Step 4: Repeat

This is all you need to do to set up your blogger interface (though, as you can see further down on this page, there are some other things you will probably want to try to do sooner than later). Easy, right?

To post to your blogger blog from now on, here's all you need to do:

• Once again, go to http://www.blogger.com
• Log in with your username and your password (you remembered your username and password, right?) DO NOT click on the "create your blog now" because that will just get you back to step 1.
• After you log in, you should get to your blogger "dashboard," which has a link to your blog. Click the link to manage the blog or click on "New Post" to make a new post to the blog.

Trouble-shooting

"Hey, what should I do if it didn't work?!" Well, blogger really is pretty easy to use, and while it does sometimes have bugs that are of course not your fault, usually if your blog doesn't work, it is is because of something that you did (or didn't) do.

So the first thing you should do is re-trace the steps above: are you sure you did everything I outline here? Really? Are you positive?

If you're confident that you did everything right, here are a couple of other thoughts:

"I tried to enter in my blog address into a web broswer but it didn't work"

Then try this:

• Log in to blogger, using your username and password that you used to sign up for blogger in the first place.
• Get to your blogger "dashboard."
• Click on the link to your blog.
• Click on the tab at the top that says "view blog"
• The web address (or URI) that appears in the window is the address to your blog. It will be something like http://something.blogspot.com Copy this information and paste it into an email message to me.

"I wrote my posts but nothing has shown up yet"

If this is the case, then you probably didn't "Publish" your entry yet but you did a "save as draft." Go back to it and push the "publish" button. This should bring up a window with a time-clock where Blogger indicates it is publishing your entry.